Marvell And Coyness Essays - Psychometrics, Research,

Marvell And Coyness q Research: the deliberate exertion to tie down responses to questions. q Communication Research: Studies message related conduct as a strength and is made out of verbal and non-verbal signals. q Quantitative Research: Explanation and Prediction, requests in which perceptions are communicated predominately in numerical terms. q Qualitative Research: Description and understanding, and are based predominately in non-numerical terms. q Formats for Research Questions: I. Must be expressed unambiguously II. Must have a least two factors III. Must be testable IV. Must not propel individual worth decisions V. Clear linguistic explanations. q Formats for Research Hypothesis: I. States Relationships between the factors II. Be reliable with what is know in the writing III. Must be testable. IV. Must be clear. V. Syntactic and unambiguous explanatory sentences. a. Directional: What the connection between the variable is. b. Non-Directional: There is a connection between the factors. q Variables: a. Autonomous: Predict results set in the speculation. b. Subordinate: Values or exercises that are dared to be adapted upon the autonomous variable of the theory. c. Ceaseless: Expressed numerically to show matters of degree. d. Clear cut: Identifies the traits or levels of a variable. q Operational definitions: Isolation of an idea by indicating the means explores follow to mention objective facts. q Conceptual definitions: Definitions that depend on different ideas to depict a term. q Descriptive Research: Research done through the social event of accessible data. q Experimental Research: Research done when at least one of the factors is controlled by the scientist. q Experimental Designs: Permits drawing causal cases about factors that can be controlled. q Purpose of Lit. Audits: To have some reinforcement about what specialists and others state about subject. q Peer Reviewed Sources: Sources that are explored by different understudies and researchers q Popular Sources: Magazines, Newspapers, and non-Reviews sources. q Reliability: The interior consistency of a measure. q Validity: a. Test legitimacy is the consistency of a measure with a standard; how much a measure really quantifies what is asserted. b. Exploratory legitimacy alludes to the nonappearance of mistakes that keep specialists from making unequivocal inferences. q Types of Survey Questions: a. Likert Scales: Scales made out of proclamations that think about clear position an issue, for which subjects show their concession to a 5-point scale. b. Semantic Differential: Scales limited by sets of bipolar descriptive words. c. Open Ended: Questions to which individuals react in their own words. d. Shut Ended: Questions to which individuals react in fixed classes of answers. q Uses of Focus Groups: To a guided or unguided conversation tending to a specific subject of enthusiasm with a painstakingly chosen little gathering. By posing key inquiries the mediator finds the slants of the gathering and the purposes for them. q Levels of estimation: a. Ostensible: Use of numbers as straightforward ID of factors. b. Ordinal: Use of rank request to decide contrasts. c. Stretch/Ratio: Assignment of numbers to things as an issue of degree. q Sampling Methods: a. Arbitrary: Selection of information to such an extent that every occasion in the populace has an equivalent possibility of being chosen. b. Non-Random: q Samples: q Population: Theory Essays

Severe income disparity A review of the WEF’s global risk Free Essays

string(135) third idea utilized by Milanovic depends on the guideline of treating everybody in a similar way, paying little heed to one’s nationality. Theoretical This paper gives a conversation of one of the most determined worldwide dangers recognized by the WEF, to be specific serious salary disparity.The report centers around depicting the foundational idea of this hazard alongside demonstrating its appearance in both created and developing economies. Also, three particular ideas of estimating worldwide salary disparity are introduced as dependent on Milanovic’s inquire about. We will compose a custom paper test on Extreme pay dissimilarity: A survey of the WEF’s worldwide hazard or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now The paper examines various interconnected dangers to pay difference, and gives proposals to progress. Presentation As indicated by the World Economic Forum (WEF), serious salary divergence between the most extravagant and least fortunate residents has gotten one of the most significant dangers confronting the worldwide network in the 21st century (Global Risks 2012). The WEF has underscored the criticalness to handle pay incongruities as a result of the broadening constant hole between the rich and poor people. This perspective speaks to a genuine danger to social security in the worldwide setting. The danger of extreme salary difference likewise raises worries about determined downturn, which adversy affects white collar classes in created economies (Law et al. 2014). Likewise, it has been shown that the procedure of globalization has prompted a polarization of livelihoods in rising and creating economies. Distinguished as a fundamental hazard, extreme salary uniqueness is characterized as the inconsistent conveyance of individual pay across various members in an economy. Salary disparity additionally alludes to the level of pay which compares to the level of populace (Armor et al. 2013). This idea is related with the thought of reasonableness, and it is normally viewed as uncalled for if the rich residents have a considerable part of a country’s pay in contrast with delegates of their populace. Also, the reasons for extreme salary dissimilarity will in general fluctuate by explicit attributes, for example, locale, training, and economic wellbeing. It is imperative to investigate the ramifications of such pay difference all inclusive (Schneider 2013). This sort of imbalance is commonly estimated through the ‘Gini coefficient’, which gives sufficient data about the method of how salary circulation in a specific nation goes amiss from the idea of immaculate value (Gra bka and Goebel 2014). The target of this paper is to investigate and fundamentally break down the WEF danger of serious pay difference. Foundational DIMENSIONS OF THE PROBLEM OF INCOME DISPARITY The grouping of generous monetary assets in the hands of less people shows a critical danger to balancing out worldwide political and financial frameworks (Chang et al. 2013). Therefore, political associations participate in a procedure of tending to the requests and needs of monetary elites, which are distinguished in various economies, both created and creating. This happens to the disservice of standard residents, who show up unfavorably affected by extreme salary uniqueness (Berveno 2014). The worldwide monetary emergency has started look into enthusiasm for investigating the components of salary uniqueness over the world. Notwithstanding broad conversations on the negative effect of pay divergence in created and developing economies, this has not brought about satisfactory answers for the issue (Lin et al. 2014). It tends to be contended that world heads and government officials join their endeavors to give a reasonable system of how they can address the issue of pay divergence (Burz and Boldea 2012). The issue of augmenting pay disparity is foundational in nature and is connected with political impact. The least fortunate residents on the planet normally will in general need access to present day financial and political frameworks that authorize explicit laws and guidelines (Pulok 2012). In created monetary frameworks, agents of the low and white collar classes are regularly found at the low degrees of society because of unreasonably expensive instruction and difficulties of acquiring credit offices. Furthermore, occupations with significant compensations have gotten rare (Chang et al. 2013). This rises as another contributing component to extending the hole between the most extravagant and least fortunate residents. Least QUALITY OF LIFE The conversation of a base personal satisfaction has been as of late started in the United States. The emphasis has been on keeping the poise and regard of individuals flawless. However, it tends to be contended that Europeans are further developed than Americans as far as the conversation of the issue of serious pay divergence (Bergh and Nilsson 2014). The hole between the most extravagant and least fortunate residents is generally apparent in evolved economies, as per the WEF report (Global Risks 2012). Albeit such lopsided development is viewed as typical in developing markets, they are bound to confront the issue of salary disparity sooner rather than later (Shin and Shin 2013). Some may contend that salary divergence is an unavoidable result of free markets. Notwithstanding, there is no generous proof to help this case. There is no simple answer for the issue of salary imbalance, yet worldwide pioneers will in general propose that parity is crucial (Bergh and Nilsson 2014). Government intercession may seem a significant answer for the issue. However, it ought to be viewed as that such mediation ought not negatively affect showcase effectiveness. Government intercession might be centered around expanding market get to. Others and gatherings that hold an increasingly negative view demonstrate that the failure to impact government arrangement can forestall the formation of any progressions that attempt to lighten the issue of serious salary dissimilarity (Global Risks 2012). Various CONCEPTS OF INEQUALITY Branco Milanovic is one of the principle specialists taking a gander at the issue of extreme pay difference. He stresses three unmistakable ideas of disparity. The main idea is related with the parts of unweighted worldwide disparity. It alludes to the utilization of GDP per capita and disregards populace (Milanovic 1998). This sort of disparity has been continuously diminished over the most recent couple of decades. The subsequent idea identifies with populace weighted worldwide imbalance where it is accepted that all individuals in a nation get a similar salary (Pulok 2012). However, the exact number of agent people from every nation demonstrates its populace size. In the event that this measure is applied, apparently pay disparity has diminished in the previous quite a while, despite the fact that it has extended in nations, for example, China and India (Bergh and Nilsson 2014). The third idea utilized by Milanovic depends on the standard of treating everybody in a similar way, paying little heed to one’s nationality. You read Serious pay difference: An audit of the WEF’s worldwide hazard in class Exposition models This has step by step become a worldwide estimation of pay dissimilarity (Shin and Shin 2013). It very well may be recommended that by applying the proposed measure by and by, worldwide imbalance generously expanded in the period from 1988 to 1993. Thus, the least fortunate 5% have lost practically 25% of their genuine salary, though the most extravagant residents have picked up roughly 12% (Milanovic 1998). Fundamental FINDINGS In the United States, the segment of Accommodation and Food Services develops as the most inconsistent area in the US economy, overwhelmed by generous imbalance inside this industry (Auten et al. 2013). It has been shown that Accommodation and Food Services exhibited a CEO-to-laborer pay proportion of 543-to-1 out of 2012. The proportion of remunerating cheap food CEOs was around multiple times more contrasted with the salary of the normal inexpensive food representatives around the same time (Ruetschlin 2014). Such salary uniqueness can be clarified with two fundamental variables: high installments made to CEOs and neediness level pay got by normal workers in the business (Pulok 2012). In the table beneath, explicit data is introduced about the Gini Index, which is a standard proportion of family pay divergence in a nation. The information is given by the CIA, as per which the nation that positions most noteworthy as far as salary disparity is South Africa with a Gini Index of 65.0, while Sweden positions first with a Gini Index of 23.0 (Vogel 2012). These outcomes give significant ramifications into the augmenting hole of the most extravagant and least fortunate residents around the globe. Table 1: Income Disparity in Different Countries, 2012 By and large RankCountryGini Index 1Sweden23.0 5Norway25.0 13 Germany27.0 46United Kingdom34.0 58India36.8 62Japan37.6 85Russia42.0 92Iran44.5 95United States45.0 119Mexico51.7 135South Africa65.0 Besides, it has been contended that the abundance of the 1% most extravagant people on the planet adds up to roughly ?60.88tn (Wearden 2014). This is right around 65 fold the amount of as the measure of the least fortunate half over the world. It has been introduced proof that in the course of recent decades, the most extravagant residents have increased sufficient political impact to turn principle strategies in support of them (Auten et al. 2013). As indicated by Wearden (2014), charge rates material to the most extravagant residents have fallen in numerous nations. Since the 1980s, pay imbalance has dynamically expanded, as roughly 70% of the worldwide populace will in general live in nations with widely communicated uniqueness regarding salary (Herzer and Nunnenkamp 2013). Assessments of public sentiment led in various nations, for example, the United States, the United Kingdom, India and South Africa, demonstrated a pattern that most residents in every nation believe that the wealthiest people apply broad social and political impact (Xu and Garand 2010). INTERCONNECTED RISKS The worldwide danger of serious pay difference is connected with other interconnected dangers, a

Know Money, Win Money! Episode 14 Winter Brewfest

Know Money, Win Money! Episode 14 Winter Brewfest Know Money, Win Money! Episode 14: Winter Brewfest Know Money, Win Money! Episode 14: Winter BrewfestChug! Chug! Chug! Chug! Here at Know Money, Win Money, we work hard, but we also make a responsible amount of time for partying, like when we recently visited Winter Brewfest at the DANK Haus German cultural center.There were brewers from all around Chicago offering samplings of their creations. Lagers, stouts, and IPAs of every sort flowed freely. As did the questions. Questions about the money side of the beer business that could provide cash to anyone who answered them correctly.Or at least, anyone we heard answering them correctly. It was a little loud.Do you know what the most popular beer in America is? Some of the people we asked knew WHAZZZZAAAAP. Some of the people we asked were up for whatever. Some of the people we asked were… dilly, dilly. Are these hints helping you out yet?That’s right, it’s Bud Light. And it’s not even close. Bud Light sells almost twice as many bottles as Coors Light, the next closest competit or. Up until recently, straight up Budweiser had the third spot, but now Miller Lite has knocked it out of there.For our next question, we asked which country drinks the most beer per capita. Is it the United States? Although we love our beer, we don’t even crack the top ten.It must be Germany then, right? Germans are so serious about their beer, theyve even had special beer purity laws for centuries. Or at least we think it’s centuries. We aren’t going to check. But it’s not Germany either! It’s the Czech Republic. We’re already planning our trip!We hope that episode left you refreshed. We’ll see you next time!Episode 13: Con Alt DeleteEpisode 12: One of a Kind MarketEpisode 11: Christkindlmarket Pt. IIWhere would you like to see us go in future episodes? We want to hear from you! You can  email us, or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter

Factors Impacting Decision Making And Indecision - 2659 Words

Factors Impacting Decision Making and Indecision Amy Hines University of Minnesota Abstract This is a discussion on the dynamics of decision making and indecision and their impacts. It offers an overview in decision theory and its evolution through decision frameworks that have been analyzed and developed to accommodate the ever-changing individual and environment. This is a comprehensive look at the underlying influences on the decision making process. It reaches the span across different specialties from biological to personality. Within those areas it addresses a variety of psychological processes, positive and negatives, through to career focused decision theories and impacts on the individual. The important aspect†¦show more content†¦The aspects that will be discussed in the following will assess the background of decision theory, frameworks of decision and action, factors that influence and difficulties when faced with the indecisiveness. Understanding the decision making frameworks, factors such as genetic makeup, personality, environmental and emotional impacts that influence our decisions will provide insight on counseling strategies, preventative or institutional development. The process an individual goes through to make a decision is a complicated one. Deciphering the system one needs to look at where the theories started and how they evolved. The expected utility theory (EU theory) otherwise known as the Decision Theory that is essentially weighing the options and determine the maximum value (compensatory) under the assumption an individual is a rational being. The possibility of loss can be compensated by a potential large gain (Busemeyer 2015). It evolved to add inclusions for rank dependent utility (RDU) to compensate for the violation of the independence axiom or rule that originated in the EU theory. The independence axiom or contingency is best understood as the third option that is presented independent to the first two, but does not influence the order of preference that was established prior to the introduction of the third

Us And Japan Business A Culture Of Progress - 1575 Words

US and Japan Business: A Culture in Progress While many of the world’s economic powers seem similar, there is no doubt there are some very key differences. Many of these differences can be attributed to cultural differences within each of the countries. While many of these countries work together in global business efforts, cultural differences would certainly have a significant impact on management style, leadership and even work ethic of the employees. The United States and Japan are both strong economic powers that hold to a capitalistic economic system. Their management styles, however, are very different. This can often be explained through the differences in culture and management or leadership styles. Over the years, the two†¦show more content†¦Lower power distance scores reflect more equal or flat environment where management and employees are considered equals. US versus Japan In Hofstede’s model, the United States and Japan rank very similarly in Power Distance. The US ranks just a bit lower than Japan, at 40. This means most decision making and responsibility in the US come directly from the leaders, with some input from the employees. In Japan, the power distance dimension is ranked a bit higher 54. This may be because in Japan, decision making is subject to a number of levels of peer review and scrutiny before it is approved. Given the close ranking, work relationships between a US company and Japan company should fare well with regard to Power Distance. Some clarity and upfront discussion of who is responsible for decision making would allow this relationship to be effective. Individualism – Collectivism This dimension is described by Hofstede (1980, 2001) as the framework where society decides if they are closely related to their group or if they are more individualistic. Does the individual come first? Or does the team? In more individualist countries, focus is on the individuals interest and needs, value is placed on the person specifically, individuals are awarded for their efforts (i.e. leaders take credit for

Confucianism In a Nut Shell Free Essays

Confucianism does not have any particular belief(s) about after life. It only focuses on the earthly life, and specifically puts emphasis on cleaving Harmony. In fact, followers of Confucianism ultimate goal Is social harmony; meaning, they must know their place in the social order. We will write a custom essay sample on Confucianism In a Nut Shell or any similar topic only for you Order Now In finding this (their place in the social order), they are guided by the 1) Five cardinal relations a. Ruler and subject b. Father and son c. Cubans and wife d. Elder and younger brother e. Friend to friend; and their 2) Five virtues a. Rene or humaneness; the quality of compassion for others, (may include both people and animals). Key concepts of Rene are love, mercy, and humanity. B. Yell or honesty and righteousness. C. Lie or propriety and correct behavior. D. Chi or wisdom or knowledge. E. Sin or fidelity and sincerity. [2 3] Also, Confucianism greatly believes that the center of everything is their family, and that it comes before the individual person. They do not necessarily ignore the Seibel existence of gods; it is Just that in their system, a divine being does not have any significant role in their lives. Its philosophy is man centered and relies in self- effort (In terms of Improving oneself or solving everyday problems. ) As Confucius stated, â€Å"To devote oneself earnestly to one’s duty to humanity, and while respecting the splats, to keep aloof from them, may be called wisdom. How to cite Confucianism In a Nut Shell, Papers

The Catcher In The Rye Essay Example For Students

The Catcher In The Rye Essay I swear to God Im crazy. I admit it. It is very easy to automatically assume that Holden Caulfield is crazy. Its even a logical assumption since Caulfield himself admits to being crazy twice throughout the course of the book. However, calling Holden Caulfield crazy is almost the same as calling the majority of the human race crazy also. Holden Caulfield is just an adolescent trying to prevent himself from turning into what he despises the most, a phony. Most of Caulfields actions and thoughts are the same as of many people, the difference being that Holden acts upon those thoughts and has them down in writing. Holden Caulfield is a teenager growing up in New York in the 1950s. He has been expelled from school for poor achievement and was flunking four subjects and not applying myself and all. He decides to leave school a few days than what he is supposed to in an attempt to deal with his current situation. Besides, I sort of needed a little vacation. My nerves were shot. They really were. Caulfield goes to New York to take a vacation before having to face his parents inevitable wrath. During this time, he experiences a nervous breakdown that was characterized by his sudden unexplained depressions. What I really felt like, though, was committing suicide. I felt so lonesome, all of a sudden. Before his eventual nervous collapse he experienced impulsive spending and generally odd, erratic behavior. All I had was three singles and five quarters and a nickel left boy, I spent a fortune since I left Pencey. Then what I did, I went down near the lagoon and I sort of skipped the quarters and the nickel across it, where it wasnt frozen. About halfway to the bathroom, I sort of started pretending I had a bullet in my guts. During Caulfields psychological battle, life continues around him. His condition is being ignored which arises the thought whether society chooses to ignore the emptiness that can be shown in humans. ..but people never notice. People never notice anything. As Caulfields condition deteriorates, he declares the world is full of phonies and that people are out there for their own gain. He is aware that most people are phonies but is not as critical of them towards the end. One aspect of Holdens personality is his criticism toward the phony things in society. Holden considers the movies and anything having to do with it phony, including theatrical performances. I dont like any shows very much, if you want to know the truth. Theyre not as bad as movies, but theyre certainly nothing to rave about. In the first place, I hate actors. They never act like people. They just think they do. Some of the good ones do, in a very slight way, but not in a way thats fun to watch. And if any actors good, you can always tell he knows hes good, and that spoils itIf an actor acts it out, I hardly listen. I keep worrying about whether hes going to do something phony every minute. He finds the theater phony because instead of demonstrating reality as it is, the emphasis is placed on polishing it theatrically. Holden feels anger towards his brother because hes out in Hollywood, D.B., being a prostitute. He considered that D.B. was selling himself to Hollywood, which is why h e called D.B. a prostitute. He considers the movies phony and hates them so much that I dont think I could ever do it with somebody that sits in a stupid movie all day long when Sunny the prostitute was in his room. When he dances with Bernice Crabs/Krebs, he considers her a moron partially because she was on the lookout for actors at the bar because she had seen an actor the previous night. Also, it depressed him that they were planning on waking up early the next day to see the first show at Radio City Music Hall. Holdens criticism towards the phony things in society is the most important part of his personality because it shows that for him it is very important to be real and honest and not

Prc Social Security Scheme Essays - Economy, Money, Finance

Prc Social Security Scheme PRC Social Security Scheme Major Characteristic of PRC Social Security Scheme - Only applicable to Chinese local employees - Local requirements may vary from locality to locality. Structure of Social Security Scheme - Pension - Unemployment Insurance - Medical Insurance - Housing National Requirement - Pension ?Decisions of the State Council Concerning the Establishment of a Unified System of Basic Old-age Insurance for Staff and Workers of Enterprises?(July 16, 1997) Structure of the Basic Pension Scheme - Requires mandatory participation by enterprises and employees; - Comprises 2 elements: a. Basic Pension Pooling Account b. Basic Pension Individual Account Enterprise Contribution - Maximum contribution of 20% of the total wages of the enterprises in general unless approved by Labour Bureau and Ministry of Finance. - For a foreign investment enterprise, the total wages only cover Chinese local employees' wages. - Among the 20% contribution: a. start at 7% of employee salary in 1997, to be gradually reduced to 3%, for contribution into the Basic Pension Individual Account b. 13% to 17% goes to Basic Pension Pooling Account Employee Contribution - Start at 4% of employee salary in 1997, to be gradually increased to 8% - Contribution goes to Basic Pension Individual Account National Requirement ? Unemployment Insurance ?Unemployment Insurance Regulation ? issued by State Council on January 22, 1999. Mandatory participants - Requires mandatory participation by enterprises and employees; - ?Enterprise? refers to ?Urban enterprises and institutions?, including: a. State-owned enterprises; b. Urban collective enterprises; c. Foreign investment enterprises; d. Urban private enterprises; and e. Other urban enteprises - ?Employee? refers to ?Staff and workers of urban enterprises and institution? Contribution - Employer contribution - 2% of the total wages of the enterprises; - Employee contribution - 1% of the employee's wage National Requirement ? Medical Insurance ?Decisions of the State Council Concerning the Establishment of a Basic Medical Insurance System for Urban Staff and Workers ? issued by State Council Mandatory participants - Requires mandatory participation by enterprises and employees; - ?Enterprises? refers to ?all urban enterprises?, including: a. State-owned enterprises; b. Urban collective enterprises; c. Foreign investment enterprises; d. Urban private enterprises; e. Government organizations, institutions; f. Social organizations; and g. Non-governmental non-enterprise units. - ?Employees? refers to ?employees of the above-mentioned enterprises? Contribution - Employer contribution ? approximately 6% of the total wages of the enterprises; - Employee contribution - 2% of the employee's wage National Requirement ? Housing ?Administrative Regulation on Housing ? issued by the State Council on April 3, 1999. Mandatory participants - Requires mandatory participation by enterprises and employees; - ?Enterprises? refers to ?all urban enterprises?, including: a. Government organizations, institutions; b. State-owned enterprises; c. Urban collective enterprises; d. Foreign investment enterprises; e. Urban private enterprises; and f. Other Urban enterprises. - ?Employees? refers to ?employees of the above-mentioned enterprises? Contribution - Employer contribution ? minimum contribution 5% of the total wages of the enterprises; - Employee contribution ? minimum contribution 5% of the employee's wage Local Requirements Local requirements regarding contribution ratios may be different from national requirements, which vary from locality to locality based on the relevant regulations stipulated by local governments. A Summary of contribution rations (expressed as a percentage of the employee gross wages) to social security funds in the following cities (as of July 1999) Social Issues

10 Unexpected Realities of Self-Publishing Your Books

10 Unexpected Realities of Self-Publishing Your Books 10 Surprising Realities of Self-Publishing Your Books I know it seems easy.You’re probably thinking that self-publishing is nothing more than uploading a document to the web and hitting an all-powerful â€Å"PUBLISH† button.You’re far from the truth.In all honesty, self-publishing is certainly a process. There’s a reason big-name publishing houses have beenaround for so long; they take care of a lot of the work. You do all the creative thinking while they do the other heavy lifting.But that also means they get a (very) big cut of your earning. Your hard-earned income. But all of that’s already been discussed.Instead, we’ll talk about what you can actually expect when you decide to put yourself first and commit to self-publishing.And believe me, I know it’s a hard choice to make.Taking that leap can be difficult, especially if you’re not sure what to expect. Let us do some decluttering of your mind by cluing you in on some of the unexpected realities of self-publishing your book!#1 You’ll become a tech-savvy self-publishing whizA lot of technical coordination needs to happen in order to self-publish your book.You’ll have to:Write the bookGet it formattedGet a cover designedCombine into one productCreate online self-publishing accountsUpload materials to the accountsCoordinate your launch team in a single placeThere is more but I think you get the idea.Self-publishing involves a number of different technical capabilities you probably don’t know of before starting the process.And because you’ll be responsible for the entirety of your publishing journey, you’ll learn a lot about all of the different platforms you’ll need to make it happen which is made a lot easier with a program that shows you exactly what you need to do, when to do it, and how to get it done. #2 A lot more incomeYou probably think of self-published authors as the â€Å"starving artist† type, forever playing catch-up with bills and life in gene ral.In reality, that couldn’t be further from the truth.That fact is, self-publishing gets a really bad reputation for bankrupting those who pursue its path. And sure, some people may have spent a lot of time and money on their book only for it to tank.But those people often decide to go it completely alone instead of using a program or guideline of sorts to ensure they succeed.If you do work hard and pursue self-publishing by learning from those who have done it before, you can actually expect some cushy additional income.Why is that, you ask?Because you don’t have to fork over a chunk of your earnings to a publisher. Because you are the publisher. #3 You’ll learn a lot about yourselfThis is especially true if you’re writing non-fiction but it’s just as meaningful for fiction authors as well.Writing a book takes a lot of your own experiences, values, and meaningful content to you. That means you get to do some digging into your psyche to uncover the very core of who you are. And if youre writing a memoir, be prepared for a lot of this.That’s a bit deep, but I really want you to understand just how much you can learn about yourself from self-publishing a book.And it’s not even all about the writing itself, either.Self-publishing takes a lot of drive, ambition, and a very determined individual.It’s a challenge and whenever we enter into challenging times in our lives, we learn more about ourselves than ever before.Self-publishing a book is the same.Through your writing, editing, rewriting, marketing, and self-publishing journey, you can figure out more of who you are and what you want out of life.And that alone is worth it.#4 You’ll make amazing connectionsNetworking isn’t really something many people think of when they consider self-publishing.In fact, most people assume self-published authors are shut-ins who spend all their time shrouded in thick blankets with a steaming mug of spiked co ffee between their hands.But when you have to market and ask others for advice or even if you become a member of a powerful self-publishing group, you meet all kinds of people.And knowing talented, hardworking individuals will only help you reach your goals faster.The point is, self-publishing helps you build those connections you might not otherwise get. After all, self-published authors stick together.#5 You build almost-instant credibility The crazy thing about self-publishing is how much other’s view of you changes.Before, you may have just been a blogger with a business that just wouldnt take off. After you have a book available, others will see you as an authority figure in your field.They will feel more comfortable paying for your products or services simply because you wrote a book.It might seem a little silly because your knowledge base is the same, but when a potential customer can purchase your book, they instantly see you as someone with expert knowledge and this increases the likelihood that they’ll buy from you.Even if you’re not a business owner, self-publishing a book will still give you a boost in the eyes of strangers and even people you know well.#6 Opportunities will come knockingWe like to refer to self-publishing a book as opening the door to Narnia. Once you go through with the process, you will throw yourself into an entirely new world where opportunities basically fall into your lap.By this I mean that you might be contacted for speaking gigs, bring in more high-value clients, get requests for interviews, and more.Because publishing a book places you as an authority figure and heightens your credibility, more people will want to hear what you have to say on the subject.This could lead you down new roads, offer new business ventures (like this entire company!), and change your entire life just because you decided to take action and self-publish a book.#7 Your business will flourishThis is the amazing thing about self-publishing a book. When your credibility sky-rockets, so will your business.In fact, most aspects of your life will flourish but a book will directly aid your business (and even your side-hustle!).Take our alumnus Ashley Emma, for example. After the launch of her book, her business generated $24,000 specifically from her book Fearless Author.So if your business is struggling and you need a new way to bring in sales, writing and self-publishing a book is a fantastic method to do so.#8 You’ll want to write another book ASAPThe process of self-publishing can be a long and arduous one and you’ll still want to publish another book as soon as you can.Why? Because of everything you gain from it.Many of our students love what having a self-published book offers so much that they dive into the program again in order to write another one.In fact, one of our alumni (and now one of our Coaches!), Lise Cartwright, has self-published 26 books simply because of the opportunit ies she’s gained through doing so.One of the (arguably) best opportunities granted was becoming part of the Self-Publishing School team behind the scenes by teaching and helping other students find the same success she did.Bottom line: you might become addicted to writing books. #9 You’ll generate tons of new ideasWriting a book forces you into a quicksand-like imaginative headspace. The more you write, the more you understand what else you can be writing and you end up in a pit of creativity that releases your mind and allows you to think outside the box. You practically get sucked into creative thinking.Meaning, you’ll come up with so many new ideas for other books, blog posts, or even business ventures.Think of your creativity like a muscle and self-publishing as the gym.Each time you sit down to further your self-publishing progress, the more creative you will become.#10 You’ll become a routine-writerBefore you learn the real process of self-publish ing a book, you probably only ever wrote when you were inspired.And thats not always useful.You’ve always had this book idea and would spend bursts of time typing out so much contentonly to lose that inspiration the next dayand the nextand the next, until you basically forget all about it.When you actually self-publish a book, you learn that becoming an author isn’t just about writing when you want to but writing anyway.The best part about this?You write faster, become better, and can publish much sooner than if you waited around for inspiration to find you.Your Next Steps Toward Self-Publishing SuccessNow you know just how much you can expect to gain from self-publishing a book. 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The economic consequences of the abolition of the Second Bank of the Essay

The economic consequences of the abolition of the Second Bank of the United States - Essay Example In 1837, the bank failed to renew its charter after Nicholas Biddle, the bank’s president, clashed with Andrew Jackson’s administration thereby leading to the liquidation of the bank in 1838 (Wilentz, 2008). Although proponents of the abolition of the Second Bank of the United States argued that the bank was responsible for inflation and was only improving the fortunes of an elite few, it played a number of critical roles with the primary responsibility being the main fiscal agent for the federal government thereby assisting in the stabilization of the economy and property values. For example, being the exclusive fiscal agent of the Federal government, BUS assumed a number of important economic roles some of which included holding and transferring all the U.S payments, deposits and receipts of nearly every government transaction as well as processing of tax payments. In this regard, the BUS was the exclusive depository of the Federal government, a role which made it the principal customer and stockholder. As a result, the abolition of the Second Bank of the United States in 1836 resulted in a diverse number of economic consequences some of which included inflation, increased national de bt, unemployment among other. This paper critically analyzes the various economic consequences of the abolition of the Second Bank of the United States in 1836. One of the immediate economic impacts of the shutdown of the second Bank of the United States was the loss of savings and investments. This was particularly attributed to the fact that the bank maintained the exchequer account where the federal government deposited its revenue for use by its agencies. Dowd, K, Hutchinson, M. (2010, 70) suggests that the Second Bank of the United States acted as the federal government banker. More importantly, the bank managed the accounts for departments and government ministries as well as Individual investors held both saving and liquid accounts. These accounts held a large

THE BUREAUCRACY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

THE BUREAUCRACY - Essay Example In addition, the paycheck legislation was aimed at lobby support from law firm that will support President Campaigns. Therefore, it can be observed that there is a strong interaction between President Obama and democracy. For instance, rules, regulation and hierarchical of command had to be observed in implementation President Obama Paycheck legislation (Rove, paras.2-8). Bureaucracy entails a system of governance that is characterized by hierarchy of commands and directions. Further, it involves adherence to rules and legal procedures. This part has take into consideration the bureaucracy in bustling state; it involves an initiative undertaken to include employees, government agencies to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in the employee’s respective working areas. The initiative was aimed at bustling those who do not tell the truth via the social media. The policy was involved in employees working areas in order to enhance efficiency not only to the organization where they are working but also to the entire Michigan government. The head of bureaucracy in this area involve the Michigan government that focuses at ensuring integration of the entire population in order to come up with innovative solutions to address the problems at hand as well as improve the future of the next generations (Michigan.Gov,

Use of Alumni Tracer Study to Maintain Curriculum Relevancy

Use of Alumni Tracer Study to Maintain Curriculum Relevancy Distance education can play a crucial role in the professional development of a developing country like Indonesia by meeting human resource requirements. It caters to the requirement not only those who are unemployed but also of those who are on the job. Their knowledge can be updated through continuing education programmes. In-service teacher education is an investment in human capital, which brings benefits in the form of enhanced educator productivity, and higher levels of output. One of the most important functions of the education sector is to provide knowledge and skill to various sectors of the education area. It is widely argued that the structure and pattern of education, especially at the elementary and secondary stage, has to be purposefully re-oriented towards new national standard to join together with the projected future pattern of graduation requirements. Currently, most of the countries of the world, especially Indonesia, has given due importance to in-service teache r education to provide diversification of educational opportunities so as to enhance individual professionalism, reduce the gap between urban and rural area of skilled teacher and provide an alternative for those pursuing higher education. Distance and online learning in the Open University of Indonesia (UT) has been greatly developed as a methodology for providing education for those who formerly may have found further education inaccessible for various reasons. In the purpose of accreditation process, UT put a finest on compliance and included some reporting requirements in tracer study that necessarily lead programs toward excellence or increase in-service teacher students impact on their schools and distance learning. In writers opinion, Universitas Terbuka can responsively maintain curriculum relevancy and usefulness for professional development. Ornstein and Hunkins (2009, p.15) argue that curriculum development includes how a curriculum is planned, implemented and evaluated, as well as what people, processes and procedures are involved... Curriculum models help designers to systematically and transparently map out the rationale for the use of particular teaching, learning and assessment approaches. They suggest that although curriculum development models are technically useful, they often overlook the human factor such as the personal attitudes, emotions, values involved in curriculum making. Therefore they are not a method and should not be a substitute for using professional and personal judgement on what is a good approach to develop student learning. UT organized alumni tracer study in 2009 and got more than 10.000 responses but in this paper the writer only use 200 responses to be analyzed randomly. Tracer study encourages UT to solve complex problems confronting professional development. It is also common for higher educational institutions to have their graduates make an evaluation of their learning experience and the quality of learning which they received. This evaluation process often takes the form of graduate or alumni surveys, which are sometimes referred to as tracer studies. It is focused not only on measuring teacher and program performance, but also other alumni and other aspects. UT should know the fortunes of their graduates in order to make a complete assessment of how the educational process has impacted their graduates. With the tracer study result, UT is able to make development and modifications on their programs that could enhance their students chances of achieving success. In this paper the use of the trace r study will be discussed as an effective method of evaluating the success of distance and online programmes to provide and maintain curriculum relevancy for professional development in UT. THE OPEN UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA UT which was established in 1984 is a national university constituted under the Presidential Decree of the Republic of Indonesia Number 41 Year 1984 and has the same legal and academic status as any other national university in Indonesia. UT is quite unique as it is the only university in Indonesia that is dedicated to distance learning. The academic programmes of the UT are specifically designed to enable persons who have graduated from senior high school to pursue a higher education. The programmes of the university enable students to join in at the level of the qualifications they possess and are structured from certificate and proceed to diploma, bachelor degrees and graduate degrees. At present with a total student enrolment of around 639,049 (http://www.ut.ac.id/ut-dalam-angka.html, 2010), UT has the largest student bodies in the country. The students are enrolled in more than 30 programmes of study out of which 96 per cent of the students are employed and around 82 per cent are teachers. The completion of programmes by students become more difficult for students who enrol at Open Universities as they are compelled to study while working and attending to their normal family responsibilities. It is pertinent therefore, to examine the alumni satisfaction after they graduated from UT. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN UT The Characteristic of UTs students UTs students are similar with the other ODL students. Its characteristics are classified as non-traditional students (Easton, 2003): have internal motivation to seek higher education and self-discipline to undertake study. One of the motivations is they can study while working for people who for some reasons cannot attend face to face education, for example people living in rural areas, in isolated islands, who cannot move to the cities where there are universities. UT differs from other open university on two accounts. It requires formal entrance qualifications and it has both full-time as well as part-time students (Hiola Moss, 1990).   The lack of time and funds promote students to apply in UT. Potential UTs students are not a captive market. UT can at least rely on a student intake derived from the geographical location in which they are approximated. Proximity and subsidized fees through scholarship often make nearby institutions the first option for students. For those who cannot physically attend, UT provides education from certain places on the world by ODL. The prospective distance education student can therefore join in UT for the type of programme they wish to pursue which are congruent with their professional and personal goals. UT has many competitors around the world, because the demand for ODL has grown extensively. Many private and public universities have increased their student intake by offering online programmes. With the large number of institutions participating in ODL it has become a highly competitive market for providers. Distance education has taken on the characteristics of a service industry, with students becoming the loyal customers for the education product. The need for customer satisfaction therefore increases the necessity to have students evaluate the product (Millington, 2008). Student responses on these matters can gauge the level of satisfaction with the course itself and institutional planners can implement improvements where dissatisfaction has been expressed. However, this form of evaluation does not measure the outputs and outcomes of education. Furthermore, UW-Stout conducts surveys on all its alumni one and five years after their graduation. Bosshart, Wents, and Heller (2009) state these surveys provide critical information for assessing and determining the effectiveness of programs. These results may then be utilized for program improvement. Schomburg (2003, p.25) identifies the outputs as attributes such as knowledge and skills, and outcomes as transition to employment, work experience and service to society. He suggests the use of the tracer study by institutions as a method for knowing the destiny of their graduates and the relationship between their study and their professional reward. (p.29). Tracer Study and Curriculum Development Although the usual end of the course evaluation can ask for the student to assess whether they have gained the knowledge and skills necessary for fulfilling their personal objectives, there is really little proof of this until the student has completed the entire course of study and has entered the workforce. By surveying a cohort of graduates from: a specific institution; profession; discipline; graduation date; level of education; or a combination of these for comparative analysis, Schomburg (2003) presents examples of issues which can be addressed in tracer studies. Biographical data on Where are our graduates now may supply information on income, job title, nature of employment, and years of employment. He also believes that surveys should also include information about the kind of work task the relationship between study and work, and professional values and job satisfaction. The use of tracer studies to provide and maintain curriculum relevancy for professional development have been conducted by Harald Schomburg and his colleagues at the Centre for Higher Education and Work, University of Kassel, Germany, have done considerable research on conducting tracer surveys, constructing effective tracer study questionnaires and their statistical analysis. They have conducted survey projects such as the CHEERS (Career after Higher Education-a European Research Study) which investigated the links between higher education and graduate employment in Europe. They have done similar research in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Zembere and Chinyama (1996) tried to find out what factors are important for professional success of graduates taking into account personal factors and identify key aspects of the continuing professional education of graduates in University of Malawi. Another tracer study is conducted in Nigeria (Ugwuonah Omeje, 1998) with the results as follows: Link and match in both the industries and higher education profiles. Broad based and trans-disciplinary curriculum planning and development Collaboration between higher education institution and industries. Tracer study conducted for open and distance learning (ODL) is not many. One of them is done by the Staff Training and Research Institute of Distance Education (STRIDE) at the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU). In addition, tracer study also completed by the Nigerian Institute (NTI) which launched its Nigeria Certificate in Education by ODL in 1990 in response to urgent need to train more teachers. The findings of the study were that the performance of ODL graduates was as effective in the classroom as that of their peers who had studied in the traditional way. Based on the tracer study result, the Institute itself had improved its management and monitoring systems (Umar, 2006). ALUMNI TRACER STUDY FOR MAINTAINING CURRICULUM RELEVANCY AND USEFULNESS Provision Of a Working Definition Of The Tracer Study Concept For the purposes of this discussion tracer study will be taken to mean: A period when institutions of learning set up regular intervals of time to venture into the field and follow their past graduates to find out what they are doing with the training they received and find out from them how best they think the institutions who trained them will be able to help them upgrade their acquired knowledge and skills through the reform and innovation of curricula and course programmes including school-based or work-based professional development to live up to the expectations of the constantly changing technological and scientific working environment and employer demands (Boaduo, Mensah Babitseng, 2009). In educational research, according to Schomburg (2003), tracer study is a survey of graduates from institutions of higher education since its target groups is the alumni. The ILO Thesaurus 2005 defines a tracer study as an impact assessment tool where during evaluation the impact on target groups is traced back to specific elements of a project or programme so that effective and ineffective project components may be identified. Schomburg (2003, p.36) notes that graduate surveys are popular for analysis of the relationship between higher education and work. They provide quantitative-structural data on employment and career, the character of work and related competencies, and information on the professional orientation and experiences of their graduates. The alumni tracer study in UT has objectives to build strong bonds between the institution and its graduates, because the alumni are the excellent source of advice for improvements of institution and to measure the extent of professional and academic careers pursued by the graduates after gaining knowledge and skills through academic institutions. Many questions were designed so that appropriate answers could be ticked off. Some open-ended questions were developed to get suggestions, comments, explanations and clarifications. Immediate supervisors or employers were requested to provide views on UTs graduates in their employment, in terms of theoretical knowledge, practical experience/skill, job performance, strengths, weaknesses and suggestions for improvement. Assuming that peers can be the most important appraisers of their fellow UTs graduates, as they are very close to them in many respects, peer groups were asked to state the strengths of UTs graduates. A scaling technique was applied to measure the relevancy and usefulness of tracer in professional and academic development of UTs graduates. Some questions were featured in a tabular format to assess job profile that UTs graduates considered before and after their studies at UT. This was done to get information on the number of positions held, year of starting and ending j ob, title and level of the positions, influential positions, name of the employers organization, type of employers, major responsibility, and awards, rewards or promotions. The position levels in categorically divided into three stages such as survey organization, data collection, data analysis and report writing. Curriculum Relevancy and Usefulness for Professional Development in UT The alumni tracer study consists of many aspects. Some of them are impact study that seeks to determine graduates satisfaction with the institution especially with curriculum relevancy and usefulness. Another one is professional development study to determine the extent to which the curriculum has developed them qualified in their career. As the writer said that the majority of learners are already working, they need to develop their competencies and skills to stay relevant and useful. The attributes that would be developed in the distance education in the future are knowledge and skills, perspectives, contextual problem solving, networking and competency-based outcomes (Boettcher, 2006). UT should have planning to accommodate these new emphases and provide curriculum relevancy for its alumni to incorporate their education and professional competencies. Academic curriculum as a tool used to develop the skills, roles as a vehicle, which attributes can be transferred during the learning process (Fallows Steven, 2000). In the academic curriculum dimension for 2009, both of items are majority rated satisfactory (Table 2.). It is shown that alumni are generally satisfied with the curriculum developed by UT. In writers assumptions, one of the contributors of the curriculum relevancy is the rich composition of participants in academic curriculum development, which consists of lecturers, students, curriculum specialist, professionals and experts in certain fields from government parties or private industries. Another contributor is the use of information and communication technology in learning process. According to Listyarini, Ratnaningsih and Yuliana (2010), alumni and stakeholders perceived that alumni had improved in their knowledge and skills of ICT and learning media. Strategy to Provide and Maintain Curriculum Relevancy Earlier in this paper it was suggested that the findings of tracers studies could be used to reform ODL programmes. As seen in the African studies graduate dissatisfaction with resources, technology and the need to enhance teacher competence in audio-visual technology points to where institutional investment and reform could be targeted. The Malawi study revealed the importance of interpersonal skills and proficiency in English. This information could be used by curriculum planners for the incorporation of these skills into training and course content. The Nigerian study indicated a need for greater linkages with the industrial sector to make programmes more relevant to the manufacturing industry, especially for engineering. Most importantly, the fact that tracer studies can show that the quality of ODL graduates is comparable (as with the NTI) with those of traditional education suggests that they should be an integral tool for evaluating ODL. Tracer studies of ODL graduates can provide the information needed to reform educational programmes to bring about the fit between the requirements of the employment world and study. Surveys do have their disadvantages: it is sometimes difficult to locate alumni and have them complete questionnaires. Schomburg (2003) warns that the graduate might not always be able to identify the relationship between the knowledge acquired during study and their professional lives and that research findings are valuable inasmuch as planners can turn the findings into concrete reforms. However, this paper suggests that the tracer study can be an information provider as well as an evaluation tool. The success of graduates can be used, as a maintaining strategy to develop curriculum. UT can use the information gathered to adapt their courses to the demands of professional development and modify programmes to expand professional advancement through ODL. Zhou, Varnhagen, Sears, Kasprzak, Shervey (2007) examine the role of technology in continuing professional development and learning. They investigate whether online delivery of professional development is a successful alternative to other forms of professional development. This study provides a rich account into the challenges and tensions as to how leaders in higher education create and facilitate a shared, communal vision in the context of online curriculum delivery. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS This paper has provided documentary analysis about the need to use tracer study paradigm for the enhancement of the quality of courses offered in UT in Indonesia to be able to meet the demands of the changing educational demands of the new century. A working definition upon which the whole discussion was based has been provided. It is important to indicate that tracer study is a means of gathering important information about past graduates of higher institutions to be able to identify what they are doing with the training they obtained and what could be done to add to their expertise through these institutions to be able to reform their course programmes to keep up with the needs of the rapidly changing technological and scientific age. The result confirmed that UT is making a significant contribution to its distance learner by providing opportunities to improve their knowledge and skills, not only to perform better in their careers but also in providing the opportunity to pursue their studies to a higher level. This reflects the success of UT in providing the culture of lifelong learning among its learners. The most important thing is that the majority of alumni indicated that they would recommend their colleagues to study at UT for professional development purposes. It must be indicated that tracer study survey is a very tedious and complicated exercise. Extensive efforts should go into tracking and contacting individual graduates and alumni. There is need to step up the process of providing regular opportunities for alumni to register and create a forum electronically and through the web. Furthermore continuous efforts should be made to collect data progressively before and after graduation which will contribute to the improvement of the analysis of future tracer studies. Additional data can be collected for the type of institutions, nature of work, and ranks of the past graduates. The following recommendations are provided as a means to help improve tracer study in the future: (1) database developing for all higher education institution in Indonesia, (2) Establishing network between UT and its graduates, and (3) developing a committee of alumni tracer study for the whole higher education institution in Indonesia.

Cyp 3.1

cyp 3. 1 P47 2. 2 Explain how children and young peoples development is influenced by a range of external factors. Lack of finances – economic factor (parents may be unemployed) – The child will miss out on additional opportunities by not being able to attend after school activities such as swimming/music lessons, sports activities (tennis, football, gymnastics) or extra tuition. – Affecting social, emotional, physical, intellectual development. Inadequate housing poverty – Poor housing conditions may affect the child’s health and chances of developing through play if they live in a small over crowded house.The house may have damp (mould) not enough finances to provide adequate heating in the winter months, which will affect the child’s health. Lack of or unsuitable furniture/equipment – The child may not have a proper bed or blankets this will affect the child’s health if they cannot get enough rest/sleep, no safety equipment f or babies/young children – stair gate, plug socket covers etc†¦ which could cause the baby/child to have accidents or come to physical harm.Community social factor – Living in built up Inner city areas where there is antisocial or challenging behaviour within the community – parents may feel it is unsafe for their child to play in the community, the child may become involved through peer pressure to join the group/gang. There may not be sufficient local facilities for the parent to participate in activities with their child. The social infrastructure maybe lacking . e. g. play group’s, playgrounds, community halls where after school clubs are held.Diet personal choices – Lack of finance may mean that the child is not being provided with a sufficiently healthy nutritional diet. Low income families may buy foods that are a lot cheaper such as processed foods, these foods have higher levels of fat, salt and sugar – this can lead to poor co ncentration, lack of energy, obesity and many health problems. Education – Again lack of finances might lead to the child falling behind in their education – lack of study books or equipment, no access to the nternet – helping with their homework/research. Parents may not be able to afford school trips so the child may be affected emotionally and socially, feeling isolated or alienated from peers. Motivation and aspirations – The child/parent may feel despair living in inadequate housing conditions as well as the struggle of financial difficulties, may lead to anxiety, depression for child or parent, affecting the child’s motivation to learn and thrive in education.Lack of adequate parenting skills – Not encouraging their child to develop, not reading to the child, not engaging in activities that interest the child, not communicating with their child or others in the right manner (aggressive, shouting, swearing, ignoring or degrading) or par ents with antisocial behaviour, will leave the child feeling inadequate, having low self esteem, poor emotional, social and communication development. Addictions – The child may grow up in a vulnerable household where parents may be alcoholics or drug abusers, this will cause further financial problems for the family unit.The way in which the addicted parent cares for their child will have a detrimental affect on the child’s development as they will be incapable of providing a stable, nurturing and safe environment for their child. As the parent is consumed with their addiction they may neglect the child’s physical, emotional and intellectual needs. The child may take on the role of the main carer of the family (younger siblings as well as the parent) as the parent is incapacitated by their addiction.

Steps to Improve Your Test-Taking Experience

When taking tests it is very important for you to know and understand first, the different kinds of test questions you may encounter and second, how you can help maximize your potential of doing much better by knowing a few simple skills to help you master whatever test you may be faced with. The three most common different kinds of tests include but aren't limited to; matching, multiple choice and essay tests. In the next few body paragraphs you will learn simple skills that will help you understand how to master each test as well as other general information that can assist you when taking any kind of test. During any test, first and foremost you must read the directions very careful. The biggest way to eliminate making careless errors is to fully understand what the questions are asking and to follow all instructions. We will first discuss matching tests and the skills needed to take them. During matching portions of tests it is very easy for a student to become discouraged and distracted because of the level of knowledge it seems to take to answer these test questions. One good thing to remember about matching questions however is that most matching questions are usually broken up sentences, so paying close attention to grammatical clues is key. Also being aware that in most cases a long question is not paired with a long answer. In most cases if the question is long, the answer is short and vice versa. One final helpful hint during matching portions of tests is marking out used answers, this is helpful in eliminating redundancy unless the directions specifically say some answers may be use more than once. Second are multiple choice tests. Multiple choice tests are most common in college courses and require a lot of attention to ensure getting a good grade. Again first, read all directions. If you are unsure about what the test is asking, ask for clarification from the instructor. A good way to begin taking a multiple choice test is to read all of the questions before attempting to answer any questions. Reading through the questions once is a good way to get your mind active and ready to analyze and dissect each question. Once you've read through the questions you are ready to re read the test questions and this time reading all possible answers for each question. Without reading each possible answer and choosing an answer before you know of all that are possible, you are setting yourself up to miss the opportunity to find an answer that may be better than the one you've chosen. When rereading test questions and reading all possible answers it's a good confidence booster to mark â€Å"sure thing† answers first. When you are confidently answering questions you know are true, you are more likely to have more confidence venturing onto questions you may not be sure of yet. After you've marked all of your â€Å"sure thing† answers, you may need to reread the questions and answers a second or third time to review of any questions you may now know the answers to now that you've cycled back once or twice. Only after you've marked all of your â€Å"sure thing† answers will you begin to have to look for clues to answer the remaining questions you are still unsure of. Paying attention to grammatical cues help in many cases as well as divided context (multiple choice questions that may require you to finish a sentence) or differing formats (multiple choice questions that may ask you to identify something that is NOT true, or questions that contain double negatives to confuse the test taker). In cases when you are not sure of an answer and there is an option for â€Å"all of the above†, it is your safest bet to chose this answer. Also when dealing with numbers, such as percentages in statistics, it is usually wise when in doubt to chose the middle term as a possible answer. If you are still unsure of your answer begin by discarding obviously wrong answers first and eliminate answers from there. The third, final and probably hardest test to master is the essay test. Reading and understanding all directions and guidelines is essential, especially in essay tests. In most cases when you first begin an essay test you have many ideas floating around including important facts and/ or possible ideas you want to express in your essay, because essay tests require your undivided attention it's always a good idea to jot down potential ideas you may have so you won't forget them and your mind is free of unnecessary clutter. It's always best to start with the easiest questions first to gain momentum in your test and to jump start your creative thinking process. An important aspect of essay tests is the time limit you are given, It's easy to lose rack of time however not getting you whole essay done or expressing your important points in your essay may be detrimental to the grade of your essay. A good way to ensure you have time to spare is pacing yourself. Another way is to disregard your introduction and/ or conclusion paragraphs a d jump right into the point(s) you are trying to make. Use solid evidence to support your arguments/points and try to avoid personal opinions in you essay. In any kind of test situations, may it be from the ones reviewed above or another, some tips are helpful in every test situation. Making sure your name is on your test may seem like a juvenile point to make but it also shouldn't be the reason for you test to be thrown out or given a failing grade. Understanding an reading all directions is a point that can never be stressed enough as well as understanding the nature of each type of question that is being asked. Starting with the easiest questions and working your way to the hardest is a good way to manage time as well as give yourself the extra boost of confidence needed to shake off the jitters during a test. Never second guess yourself unless you are absolutely sure your second answer is right. Many times when you second guess your first instinct it is out of fear of your test not â€Å"looking right† or out of test anxiety causing you to over analyze your answers. Get clarification if you are unsure about something but be sure to only ask your instructor for clarification, speaking with a classmate can be seen as cheating. Pace yourself to avoid careless mistakes and if you have extra time, use it to double check your answers. By following all of these steps you are sure to have a much more pleasant and relaxing test taking experience.

Constant Stereotypes that People Place on Former Prisoners...

P for Punishment The rusted metal door scrapped shut, followed by the jingle of keys in the lock. Footsteps of free people echoed throughout the dry air and bounced off the low ceilings, growing fainter as they moved toward the exit of this icy room. Another door slammed shut, screeching loud metallic echoes in my ears and scattering my brain. After a while, the only echoes, to be heard, were the quiet voices of private conversations and the rustle of paper, which melted together in a blissful orchestration. Florescent lights hum and buzz overhead; one blinked every so often as if it were about to die, much like my happiness had long ago. This description captures the true horror of imprisonment. A close examination will reveal†¦show more content†¦The same study discovered that out of another sample of 272,111 prisoners released in 1994, 25.4% were resentenced to prison for a new crime, 46.9% were simply reconvicted and 67.5% were rearrested for a felony or serious misdemeanor within the next 3 years. According to data released by the Bureau of Justice, in 2007, an approximate number of 1,180,500 ex-prisoners on parole were suspected to be at risk for re-incarceration. Contrary to the previous study, ten years later, only 16% actually returned to incarceration by 2009 (Langan and Levin 13-14). That’s still approximately 188,880 people who burn themselves once again and ending up back behind bars. With that in mind, in order to understand their motives now, we must understand where these prisoners came from. Generally speaking, a majority of these citizens have poor education and come from unstable homes. Education is the only way to strive in this day and age. â€Å"Prison education is a means of rehabilitating and re-directing. If you release someone with the same skills with which she came in, she’s going to get involved in the same activities as she did before (Stern and Western).† This researcher evaluated a woman’s prison in s outh Florida only to find that the inmates that had high school diplomas were a mere 19%. These women have no way of continuing, or starting, their education and worse yet they have no motivation to do so. Prison systems should use more of their funds to redirect the inmate’sShow MoreRelatedThe Media s Influence On People Opinions1556 Words   |  7 Pageseleventh, news coverage was main cause a rise in Islamophobia feelings. With terrorist attacks from Middle-Eastern based groups, like ISIS and al-Qaeda, a sense of fear has grown among the American people. A major cause in this rise is the media’s influence on people opinions. 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In February, 1995, she spoke to the students of her former high school in the Chicago suburb of Park Ridge. She noticed there were many more non-whites among the students than when she was a student, 30 years earlier. We didnt have the wonderful diversity of people that you have here today, said Mrs. Clinton. Im sad we didnt have it, because it would have been a great value, as Im sure you will discoverRead MoreAre the Laws Regarding Mentally Disordered Offenders Adequate?5365 Words   |  22 Pagesstipulates that offenders must be punished, rehabilitated and the public protected from any harm they pose. In some cases it is appropriate that an offender be detained in institutions (Khanom et al, 2009). Although imprisonment is an appropriate place to detain offenders for the protection of the public, MDOs who have diminished capacity warrant a different form of treatment (Bean, 1986). As illustrated in the Bradley Report (2009; 91) community sente nces can ‘provide safe and positive opportunities